Milagro Sala Convicted Twice in One Week
Despite international condemnation, the highly regarded yet controversial Argentine neighborhood organizer remains in prison pending an investigation into other alleged crimes
By Jordan Bazak, Research Associate at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs
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Last week was a rough one for the Argentine social activist and community organizer Milagro Sala. Two separate courts convicted the head of the Tupac Amaru Neighborhood Organization for crimes related to her protest activities. Although neither sentence included mandated jail time, Sala, who has been detained since last January, will have to remain behind bars pending the investigation of more serious allegations against her. Nevertheless, several human rights groups have questioned the court’s assessment that Sala’s release at this time would interfere with investigations and have labeled her continued imprisonment as arbitrary.
On Wednesday, a federal court in Jujuy, Argentina’s most northwest province, found the indigenous Qulla leader, and two other Tupac Amaru members, guilty of “aggravated material damages.”[i] The charges relate to a 2009 riot that targeted the then-senator and now provincial governor Gerardo Morales, Sala’s primary political opponent. In October of that year, Morales was set to participate in a press conference concerning the Tupac Amaru’s disbursement of federal funds, when a violent mob roughed-up the Jujuy Professional Council of Economic Sciences, where the conference was to take place.[ii] Morales promptly accused Sala and her organization for the attack, a claim the activist indignantly denied, instead pinning responsibility on the Jujuy Peasant’s Movement.[iii]
Last December 15, over seven years after the incident, the trial began.[iv] Despite evidence that the Tupac Amaru chief did not participate in the riot herself, testimony indicated that she had encouraged violent acts against Morales.[v] As a result, the neighborhood organizer was sentenced to a three-year prison term. However, as a first-time offender receiving a sentence of three-years or less, Sala’s punishment was automatically commuted to parole with community service. Two fellow Tupac Amaru officials, Graciela López and Ramón Salvatierra, were handed similar punishments.
Thursday, Sala’s legal woes continued when another local court found her guilty of “occupation of a public space, alteration of order, and obstruction of vehicular and pedestrian traffic.”[vi] The occupation refers to a 52-day encampment in San Salvador de Jujuy, the provincial capital, in protest of Morales’ new civil society regulations. These conditioned an organization’s government funding on the identification of all personnel and using state bank accounts to conduct financial transactions.[vii] On account of the protest, Sala was arrested in mid-January for “instigating criminal activity and disorder,” charges that were later dropped.[viii] The occupation in Jujuy was lifted on February 2.[ix] Last Thursday’s sentence prevents Sala from holding office in any civil organization and fines her $3,780 pesos ($235 USD), the highest fine that the court can impose in such cases.[x]
Sala will remain in prison despite not receiving a jail sentence. Since her detainment, Jujuy’s judiciary has opened up investigations into a series of other crimes, which include fraud, extortion, embezzlement, assault, and even kidnapping.[xi] Without filing specific charges, Jujuy prosecutors claim that releasing Sala would inhibit their ability to investigate these other accusations.[xii] The leader’s imprisonment has drawn heavy condemnation from the United Nation’s Working Group on Arbitrary Detention and numerous human rights bodies, which have argued that the judicial authorities have not provided sufficient evidence to prove that Sala’s release would undermine their investigations.[xiii]
Over the past 20 years, the Tupac Amaru Neighborhood Organization has provided thousands of Jujeños with housing, education, and health care. At the same time, the grass-root organization has evolved into a powerful entity that uses social projects to win over political loyalty.[xiv] During the Kirchner Administration, Tupac Amaru received billions of pesos in federal subsidies to fund its various building projects. But a shortfall in the number of housing units constructed has left critics questioning where over 700 million pesos have gone.[xv] The alleged mishandling of these funds remains Sala’s largest legal problem.
The imprisonment of La Gobernadora, as Sala is known due to her politcal power throughout the province, remains a thorn in President Macri’s side as he begins his second year in office. The president continues to face international pressure for her prompt release from UN investigators who are scheduled to visit the country this spring. However, Governor Morales’ party, the Radical Civic Union, has become a vital part of the Macri’s Cambiemos coalition. The reintegration of the CGT, Argentina’s largest labor confederation, and the recent working alliance between Sergio Massa’s Union of the Democratic Center and Cristina Kirchner’s Justice Party demonstrate an increasingly united opposition to the current administration. With disappointing economic growth eroding his public support, the president will have to avoid undermining political allies, even ones with a loose relationship to the Rule of Law. Needless to say, Milagro Sala should not expect the same help from Macri in her legal battles as she received from the Kirchners to fund her organization’s social programs.
By Jordan Bazak, Research Associate at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs
Original research on Latin America by COHA. Please accept this article as a free contribution from COHA, but if re-posting, please afford authorial and institutional attribution. Exclusive rights can be negotiated. For additional news and analysis on Latin America, please go to LatinNews. com and Rights Action.
Featured Photo: “Milagro Sala” by Romina Santarelli, Ministerio de Cultura de la Nación. Taken from Wikimedia Commons.
[i] “Condenan a Milagro Sala a tres años de prisión en suspenso por daños,” La Nación, December 28, 2016. Accessed December 30, 2016. http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1970992-milagro-sala-sentencia-escrache-morales
[ii] “Piqueteros kirchneristas agredieron al senador Morales,” La Nación, October 17, 2009. Accessed December 30, 2016. http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1187470-piqueteros-kirchneristas-agredieron-al-senador-morales
[iii] Lucrecia Bullrich, “La piquetera señalada por el ataque a Morales admitió que recibe fondos del Gobierno y cuestionó al senador,” La Nación, October 20, 2009. Accessed December 30, 2016. http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1188205-la-piquetera-senalada-por-el-ataque-a-morales-admitio-que-recibe-fondos-del-gobierno-y-cuestiono-al-senador
[iv] Demian Bio, “Day 1 Of Trial: Sala ‘Apologizes’ To Governor For Being ‘Black And Indigenous,’” The Bubble, December 15, 2016. Accessed December 30, 2016. http://www.thebubble.com/day-1-of-trial-sala-apologizes-to-governor-for-being-black-and-indigenous/
[v] Demian Bio, “Milagro Sala Sentenced To Three Years For ‘Aggravated Damage’” The Bubble, December 29, 2016. Accessed December 30, 2016. http://www.thebubble.com/day-1-of-trial-sala-apologizes-to-governor-for-being-black-and-indigenous/
[vi] “Condenaron a Milagro Sala por el acampe en Jujuy,” La Nación, December 29, 2016. Accessed December 30, 2016. http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1971606-condenaron-a-milagro-sala-por-el-acampe-en-jujuy
[vii] “Tensión en Jujuy: la Tupac bloquea la Casa de Gobierno provincial,” Clarín, December 16, 2016. Accessed December 30, 2016. http://www.clarin.com/politica/tension-jujuy-tupac-casa-gobierno_0_SJMMGyKPXe.html
[viii] Demian Bio, “The Controversy Over Milagro Sala, Explained” The Bubble, February 2, 2016. Accessed December 30, 2016. http://www.thebubble.com/milagro-sala-controversy-explained/
[ix] “Jujuy: levantan el acampe por Milagro Sala para abrir una “instancia de diálogo,” Clarín, February 2, 2016. Accessed December 30, 2016. http://www.clarin.com/politica/jujuy-levantan-milagro-sala-instancia_0_4keRbpKKx.html
[x] Ramiro Barreiro, “Doble condena contra una militante kirchnerista detenida desde enero,” El País (Madrid), December 29, 2016. Accessed December 30 2016. http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2016/12/29/argentina/1483041510_495790.html
[xi] Ibid.
[xii] Demian Bio, “Milagro Sala Sentenced To Three Years For ‘Aggravated Damage’” The Bubble, December 29, 2016. Accessed December 30, 2016. http://www.thebubble.com/day-1-of-trial-sala-apologizes-to-governor-for-being-black-and-indigenous/
[xiii] José Miguel Vivanco, “Letter to President Macri on the Sala case,” Human Rights Watch, December 22, 2016. Accessed December 30, 2016. https://www.hrw.org/news/2016/12/22/letter-president-macri-sala-case
[xiv] Joseph Green, “Macri Fails to Balance History, Public Opinion in Argentina’s Security Overhaul,” Council on Hemispheric Affairs, August 11, 2016. Accessed December 30, 2016. https://coha.org/macri-fails-to-balance-history-public-opinion-in-argentinas-security-overhaul/
[xv] Lucrecia Bullrich, “Sala desvió fondos por $ 700 millones que recibió para construir viviendas,” April 18, 2016. Accessed December 30, 2016. http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1890293-sala-desvio-fondos-por-700-millones-que-recibio-para-construir-viviendas